What is the property

Real estate in English: (Real Estate), which is anything that has an immovable and fixed nature; That is, permanent and cannot be moved from one place to another, examples of which are roads, annexes of buildings, fences, and homes, and the property is defined as everything that represents a stable and fixed asset in its location, which leads to its inability to move from one location to another without being damaged.

How to buy real estate

Many people are interested in buying real estate, whether for housing or work use. Therefore, laws in all countries guarantee the right to own real estate for individuals, but in order for an individual to buy and own his own property, he must adhere to several advices, which are:
- Visit the real estate site and make sure of its validity and suitability for use in housing, work, or the special purpose of its purchase.
- Obtaining a copy of the property ownership contract if it is owned by another person in order to ensure that its previous owner has not used it in any form of ownership transfer, or if there are rights arising from it.
Ensure that the area, specifications, and information contained in the ownership contract match the shape and construction of the property in reality.
- Verification of the eligibility of the seller or responsible for selling the property; In terms of having the right to execute the sale.
- Take care to ensure that there is no other owner or buyer of the property.
Verify that the property is free of rights resulting from the mortgage, rent, or any other rights.

Types of real estate are classified according to two classifications:

Real estate in Islamic jurisprudence
Types of real estate in Islamic jurisprudence are divided into the following sections:
-Buildings: They are all real estate that is used for housing or work, and it includes a group of attachments, such as lands and gardens.
-Lands: includes several types, including:
-Owned land: is the land that belongs to a person or a group of people, and they have the right to dispose of it in the way that suits them.
-Kharaji land: It is the land that Muslims conquered within non-Arab countries, and imposed tribute on their people, as well as the lands that their people left and later became an Islamic endowment.
-Mewat land: It is the land that no one owns and cannot be used
The Waqf lands include two types:
The endowment land for the public good and the house of Muslims ’money.
Endowed land through its owners.

Real estate in modern systems
Modern international regulations have classified real estate into three types, which are:

-National properties: are classified into two types, namely:
Public properties: They are all real estate properties that people use, whether directly, such as public roads or public facilities such as airports, or that provide public services such as courts and schools.
Private national property: is property and real estate that has no owner and does not constitute an inheritance. That is, it has no heir, and it is not known who is its owner.

-Private property: it is the private property of a person and does not include the common people, and it depends on the existence of absolute ownership over it. That is, it is the property of one person only, or a divided property owned by more than one owner, and each of them has a share in this ownership; Therefore, each owner must know his share of it.

-Endowment properties: They are classified into two types, namely:
General endowment: is the property belonging to charitable societies or mosques.
A special endowment: a property that has been imprisoned for specific individuals to whom the endowment is valid.

Real estate according to its objective: it is to divide real estate based on the nature and type of use; As each section of it depends on a specific specialization, and these properties include the following: agricultural real estate, industrial real estate, commercial real estate, residential real estate, space lands that are not exploited, recreational public real estate such as parks, private real estate such as airports, sea ports, hospitals, and schools .

History of housing and real estate

Housing is essential for a person in his life. It forms the shelter in which he lives, and provides him with protection from natural external factors, and uses it for sleeping, eating, and other activities. The housing has witnessed many developments and shapes throughout the stages of a person's life. Where man lived in the Paleolithic period in a group of oval-shaped huts, and then he was keen to improve and develop caves, and used them to store his food, but in the period of the middle and modern Stone Age, man became involved in agriculture. This gave rise to tree houses.
In the modern era known as the civil era in the fourth millennium BC, the first human civilizations appeared, and with the advent of the scientific revolution, real estate and urbanization witnessed developments that led to the emergence of new and varied types, including: public buildings, factories, and other types of real estate, and later became civilized dwellings in Cities are among the most common forms of housing, and examples include:
-Residential and floor properties: They contain a group of floors, and each floor contains more than one apartment, and is surrounded by a group of spaces that separate it from the nearby buildings.
-Connected residences and real estate: are the real estate that are connected to each other and separated from other buildings by a group of roads, and these dwellings have more than one entrance
-Tower housing and real estate: They are real estate that spread in major cities, and relied on the construction of dwellings whose height is approximately eight or twelve floors, and their height may exceed this height, and this type of real estate is known as skyscrapers.